Athlete Motivation - 2452 Words

Athlete Motivation Introduction Motivation is one of the biggest ways in which great coaches have developed winning programs throughout the centuries. There are many ways to motivate athletes but what are the best? Has motivating athletes changed with each generation? In sports athletes are often asked to raise their level of play in order to be successfully and understanding how to motivate any athlete will enable a coach to not only ask for more out of his team or player but to also get what he asks for. In order to be successful coaches must be able to motivate because players do not simply go out and do their best or train harder on their own. As humans we love to be motivated which is why movies such as Rudy, Apollo†¦show more content†¦We had to. That’s the nature of the business if you want to be around for any length of time† (p. 104). Dungy knew that in order to change the culture of the Bucs from a losing one to one where winning was tradition, he had to motivate the play ers in a new way. One of the ways that athletes are often motivated is by there environment. If they are surrounded by success then they will often be successful themselves because they see it happening around them and they want to be a part of it. Dungy knew that if a team was surrounded by a coaching staff that made excuses and allowed them to do that as well, the culture would remain full of losers. When he first took over the Bucs, Dungy sought to motivate his players through his own example. Dungy also held his team to a very high standard. He set goals that were high enough for his team to dream a little but not so high that they were unattainable. Dungy seemed to understand that a combination of environmental change and competitive goal setting would provide the right amount of motivation for his team to be successful. Dungy understood a key in motivating players and in coaching, something that his mentor Coach Chuck Noll said, â€Å"[c]hampions are champions not because they do a nything extraordinary but because they do the ordinary things better thanShow MoreRelatedStudent Athlete Motivation : Athletes918 Words   |  4 Pages Student Athlete Motivation Motivation is the foundation of all athletic effort and compliment or simply defined as the ability to initiate and persist at a task (Taylor). All athletes at all levels have their own motivation. They all have that will that pushes them to complete a task. There are also athletes that have low motivations but still participate. Athletes are usually in school unless they play at a professional level, the ones that are not professional are student athletes. Student athletesRead MoreApplying Sociological Theory Into Everyday Life1224 Words   |  5 PagesI worked at the Ohio University Athletic Department, and was involved in student-athlete academic welfare.   When it was time to write my final research paper, I settled upon the topic of women in sports.   I wanted to analyze women’s meaningful contributions and accomplishments within sports, their leadership roles in sports, and what the future of sports could potentially hold for them. I worked with female athletes and what I saw this semester inspired me to write about this topic. My goal is toRead MoreCoaching For The Real Win. The Early 1900 Was When Sports2033 Words   |  9 PagesSports has been shown to benefit the student athlete in more than one aspect of their lives, but that does not come automatically with just playing sports. While I do believe that participating in sports has a positive effect on players, it is not just the sport that do the trick. No matter the style of coaching, the most important thing a coach can do is be a positive influence on every aspect of the athlete’s life by forming a relationship with their athlete. There are many unique qualities to makeRead MoreMotivation As A Foundation For All Sports Around The World1555 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation forms a foundation for all sports around the world. (Spray, Wang, Biddle Chatzisarantis 2006).It is of vital importance for athletes to improve the degree of determination and desire of sporting performance, because it can be the decisive factor for emotional control, strengthening attention, improving confidence and degree of loving sports. For an individual to become the best in any sports activity, motivation is crucial as it helps him or her to do the necessary to maximize his orRead MoreMotivation in Sports1245 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation in sports is why people do what they do. It is also the direction and intensity of one’s effort and determination to achieve. The more motivated one is, the more likely one is to succeed. Sports—which involve emotion, competition, cooperation, achievement, and play—provide a rich area for psychological study. People involved in sports attempt to master very difficult skills, often subjecting themselves to intense physical stress as well as social pressure. research has expandedRead MoreLeadership Scale For Sports Developed By Chelladurai And Saleh1274 Words   |  6 Pagesimpactful presence on the participation of sport. Various leadership styles and tendencies are displayed by coaches and administrators and we look to examine how these dimensions of leadership correlate with participant responsiveness, satisfaction, and motivation. In addition to the effects of leadership on participation, the effectiveness of multi-dimensional leaders will be discussed as well as the examination of leadership behaviors that yield the most satisfactory results among participants. It is importantRead More Motivating an Athletic Performer Essay1483 Words   |   6 Pagesdifferent types of motivation and how each affects the performers in various ways. Positive and negative issues of the types of motivation will be discussed to determine which is the best method of motivation and why. It will also illustrate how these motivational theories are used to motivate a performer. This essay will be concluded by stating the best motivation method, and how a coach or teacher could use it in motivating a performer. Motivation can be described inRead MoreCommunicating With Your Athletes : An Important Aspect When Becoming A Successful Coach1311 Words   |  6 Pages Communicating with your athletes is an important aspect when becoming a successful coach. Successful coaches are masterful communicators, and unsuccessful coaches often fail not because of poor communication but because of poor communication skills. Effective communication is just as essential to successful coaching just as it is to successful careers. There are three basic dimensions of communication: 1- Sending and receiving messages, 2- Verbal and nonverbal communication, and 3- Content and emotionRead MoreTransformational And Transactional Coaching Styles Affect Program Philosophy1015 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most benefit without regard to his players. For example, winning benefits the coach by feeding his ego, so the coach may use players just to win more games. After playing for several transactional coaches, Ehrmann (20 11) wrote, â€Å"they ignored athletes developmental needs and often manipulated and distorted the values of winning and losing† (p.7). As a result, the transactional coach disregards any long-term benefits of playing the game and makes decisions for the short-term benefits such as winningRead MoreMotivation, Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation756 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is a very important factor no matter what sport you coach or what the team or athlete goals are. A true coach must be able to understand their athlete and be able to tap into their motivation, maximizing their performance. Chapter four was written about two particular types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. No matter what theory you believe, all theories boil down to these two types of motivation. Knowing the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, can help you hone

Examples Of Physics In Physics - 881 Words

Wherever and whenever possible, our group intends to use Unity engine’s built-in physics. This is because we have determined it to be the easiest way going forward. No member of our group has a heavy physics background, and we are confident that Unity can handle most of the heavy lifting. Details of all the major physics we believe are needed for our game are detailed below. This includes the answer to questions like: how will it be used in our game and do we plan to use Unity to handle its implementation or our own scripts. Collisions (Scott) Collisions and collision detection are a fundamental aspect of any game. In a game like ours, they are absolutely critical. After all, it wouldn’t be fun to shoot at squishy humans with a railgun†¦show more content†¦All we need to do is simply ensure that any object we want affected by gravity has a Rigidbody component attached to it. Then, somewhere in a script we just need to call ‘Physics.gravity = new Vector3(xForce, yForce, zForce);’. Using this, we can change the gravity to whatever we want whenever we want. Friction (Matthew) Friction in our game will mainly come into play with the enemy units. It will vary based on the world we are currently on – such as the ice stage having less ground friction than the flying platform stage. There are a few ways we plan to use friction. One such way being that enemy units on some planets, like the ice world, will have a chance to ‘slip’ which will be like a de-buff that stuns them temporarily and prevents them from moving. In order to account for friction in our game’s worlds, we plan to use Unity’s Physic Material. Unity says that, â€Å"The Physic Material is used to adjust friction and bouncing effects of colliding objects.† From our experience of using these materials from the book’s chapters, we know we can simply create a material and then add it as a component to the ground object/terrain. Once we have done that, modifying friction is as simple as changing the values. Projectiles (Destin) In chapter 5 page 84 of the book Physics for Game Programmers by Grant Palmer, projectile physics is discussed. For our groups tower defense game, we believe implementing the gravity-only model is the best fit for our game. WeShow MoreRelatedThe Physics of Music Essay examples880 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical science is the study of non-living matter which I will be talking about the physics of music, and how pitch and frequency play a role together in science. Physics is known to be the most fundamental science, based on the principle and concepts. It deals with matter, motion, force, and energy, (Shipman-Wilson Higgins, 2013). In this report I will be dealing with pitch, frequency sound and waves which are also dealing with physical science and how they our related. Sound is (a) the physicalRead More Physics of the Ear Essay examples1528 Words   |  7 PagesPhysics of the Ear The ear is an extraordinary human organ that many people take for granted until it doesn’t function. It is the only device that allows the human to hear sounds in their environment. The ear is made up of many parts that distinguish various sounds through different means. The ear anatomy and physiology along with how sound waves are transmitted into meaningful sounds will help one understand how hearing loss occurs. The ear is made up of three areas: the outer, middle, andRead More Physics of Stars Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 Pagesexplode into supernova (Moreau, 2000). There is a huge variation in sizes of stars as well. They range from super giants to small dwarfs. Most often their sizes correlate to their age or the particular cycle they are beginning to progress into. For example, a star that is much older may be progressing into the stage before it undergoes supernova. Before it becomes a supernova it greatly expands. However, some stars are naturally very massive. We can see from the below pictures the huge ranges of starsRead More The Physics of Semiconductor Devices Essay example2181 Words   |  9 PagesThe Physics of Semiconductor Devices The purpose of this paper is to give a greater understanding of the semiconductor world, for Physics 100 students who have a little knowledge of electronics. I will cover conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and the operation of a diode and a transistor. The reason that it is important to understand these devices is the vast effect that they have had on our modern world. Our lives are filled by electronics, especially in this computerized age thatRead More The Physics of Automobile Accidents Essay examples580 Words   |  3 PagesThe Physics of Automobile Accidents Automobile accidents happen all around us. We see cars in the middle of the road after just rear ending each other. We see cars driving around town with big dents in them. Do you ever stop to wonder how car accidents happen? Physics; that’s how they happen. There are several aspects of physics that apply to automobile accidents. An aspect of physics that is applicable to automobile accidents is kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can be defined as the energyRead More Physics of Tsunamis Essay examples1377 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics of Tsunamis This paper will discuss the physics and warning systems of tsunamis, a destructive wave force that researchers have been studying for many years. Tsunamis are different than tides or surface waves because undersea earthquakes, instead of winds or the gravitational pull of the moon or sun, generate them. They can reach speeds of up to 700 kilometers per hour but can be undetected until they reach shallow water, then unexpectedly arise as deadly waves. Tsunamis evolve fromRead More Physics of Superconductors Essay example1323 Words   |  6 Pageswhen he instigated a current in a conductor and found that a year later the current was still flowing and had not degraded! In 1913, Onnes was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery and the field of superconductors was officially created. The physics that govern the superconducting qualities themselves are very involved and complex, and are beyond the scope of this site, however, a basic explanation of their function will be given. A very interesting property of superconductors is their abilityRead More The Physics Of Scuba Diving Essay example4570 Words   |  19 Pagesfirst step of learning to dive. From qualified professionals one must learn how to use the equipment, safety precautions, and the best places to dive. This paper is designed to help give a general understanding of the sport and the importance that physics plays in it. Self- contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, or SCUBA for short, is a hell of a lot of fun. However, there is considerably more to Diving than just putting on a wetsuit and strapping some compressed air onto ones back. As I quicklyRead More Physics of Wildland Firefighting Essay examples2890 Words   |  12 Pagesthe two schools of thought and fall somewhere in the middle. Physics and Chemistry of Fire Fire Triangle There are three main components to the fire triangle: fuel, heat, and oxygen. Matter States Matter exists in three basic states: solid, liquid, or gas. A substance experiences a phase change when the physical characteristics of that substance change from one state to another state. Perhaps the most recognizable examples of phase changes are those changes from a solid to a liquid orRead More The Physics of Football Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe Physics of Football There is no question that everything people do in their lives involves physics. This is true from the way we communicate to the way that we fight wars. In some cases the influence of the laws of physics on our world are extremely apparent, such as in sports. Basketball, hockey, baseball and even cricket involve physics. From the most basic motions players perform in the game, to different plays designed by coaches, physics touches it all. These appearances of physics

Understanding my past experiences free essay sample

When I reminisce about my life, it really brings into focus how I have turned into the person who I am today. Starting from my childhood to my teenage years, and all the way through my early adulthood, I have experienced quite a bit more than most people who I know or have known. I have been shaped and molded my many ups and downs. I know that living with one parent nowadays is not unusual. Living only with my mother brought out a lot of emotions during my childhood. Sometimes, they were pretty strong and confusing, too. My mother raised me without any support. My parents divorced when I was seven years old. There never was a really strong father figure in my life. I was lucky to witness civilized divorce of my parents because they did not argue, but there was a lot of tension between the three of us. I never was very close to my dad and never felt a lot of pain about living without him. My mother was my main source of trust, love, care, support, and understanding. I know being a single parent was difficult experience for my mom, but I grew up with understanding that it was normal. She raised me appropriately and tried really hard to reinforce nothing but superior morals and respect for me and others who came into my life. She spent a lot of time with me, which developed unique bond of trust between us, and it continues to evolve today. Living in a large community helped me to be actively involved in different in-school and afterschool activities. At a very young age I learned how to share responsibilities. I never had â€Å"token† chores to do in order to earn allowance. Instead, I knew that my contribution to my family of two was necessary. My effort was always recognized, which helped develop pride in my own work. Along with learning my responsibilities, I also was forced to deal with some disappointments early in life. My mom responded to my challenges with encouragement, support, and empathy. Sometimes, I felt that she was too demanding and strict. Nowadays, I understand that my mom tried very hard to build in me intelligent, mature, independent, responsible, and initiative person with a high esteem. These qualities are very important for developing a strong personality. After analyzing parenting style I was raised in, I know my mother used authoritative parenting. I think that her demanding influence along with responsiveness to my needs became crucial during my early, middle, and late childhood, because it affected my future. Growing up I have never had a lot of close people in my life. Maybe, that is why, I cherish guanine friends. Personally, friendship has always been one of my most ethical issues I have ever encountered. The problem being that there is never a clear way of defining it. My greatest test of friendship came in the last year of high school. I was very close with one of my friends. We grew up together, went to the same school, and spent most of our summers at camps. During our adolescence, however, we started to grow apart. My friend and I experienced our own role in life and identity in different ways. I truly felt comfortable being a part of a very small group of people who played out as a main source of communication for that period time in my life. I have always been very selective with my surroundings. I was focused on my academic goals. In contrast, my friend drifted from group to group, which caused a lot of uncertainty to her identity. She started to mix with the wrong crowd. Unfortunately, it led her to experience alcohol, cigarettes, and, eventually, world of drugs. First, I was in shock, because I knew my friend for a long time. She never was close with her parents, and was quite motivated to rely on her own opinion. I was struggling with ethical dilemma and asking myself: â€Å"How I can get my friend on a right track again? † I knew that peer pressure could be a very dangerous thing. You can start making wrong choices, and making things you never thought you would ever do. My morality hasn’t allowed me to be an observer of that situation. I decided to sacrifice our friendship for sake of my friend’s goodwill. I called her parents and told them what was happening in theirs daughter life. Our friendship was over and we never spoke again. She eventually went through rehabilitation and started a new life. Living every day, you always find yourself surrounded with some kind of peer pressure, but as you get older, you start being able to ignore it and do what you feel is right. Later on, I realized that if you have people around you wanting to do misleading actions, let them. You should not do something wrong just to fit in with others. But, if you do, be prepared to learn your lesson. Nowadays, when I still think about this experience, I know that I have made the right choice by not letting my friend down. According to Erik Erikson’s Theory of psychosocial development, my friend went through struggles in its fifth stage, which determines Identity reverse Role Confusion conflict. She isolated herself from her family, and took a strong strand on values and influence from wrong group of people, which resulted in Role Confusion. Personally, there have been circumstances in my teenage life when I had to make choices and think about future consequences of my actions. While going through Erikson’s fifth stage of Psychosocial Development, I had a concrete idea of my place in society. I was re-establishing my relations with my mother; I highly believed in myself, and placed much thought into all my decisions and was able to utilize others’ opinions. I also found that this experience tested me over my ethics and morals. Based on Kohlberg’s Moral Stages, I was at conventional level of moral development while I was challenged over my moral reasoning. My friend knew the difference between right and wrong, but she could not overcome her dependence on a wrong group of people. I think that moral reasoning is considered to contain not only thinking about issues of right and wrong in our lives, but also consider outcomes of our personal actions. Moral judgment development relies on the individual’s growing awareness of the importance of society and of how people coexist through laws, rules, and roles. I know that I lost my friendship because of my ethics that I have encountered throughout my life, but my past experience helped me to become morally strong. I have never thought I would become a citizen of another country, even though I always wanted to learn about different nations from first-hand experience. Coming to America, the Land of Freedom, has become permanent and most important influence in my life because it changed the way I look at interpersonal relationships and cultural differences; it helped me to determine my meaning in life. I moved to United States by myself at age of twenty two. This decision made me to learn how to adjust to new culture that is completely different from my Ukrainian background. I have adapted this new culture in some context, but at the same time, I have strengthened my identity as Ukrainian by making myself understand foreign people better. The major effect was that once I started a regular life away from my homeland, I missed everything. It didn’t mean I was unhappy but that I was aware of being on my own. I missed my mom and my friends, my home, my streets, my food. Now, I understand that I experienced culture shock. I felt confusion, distress, and sometimes depression that resulted from psychological stress that continued during my first year living abroad. First, I had to learn how to communicate with people in English and went through hard time during the process. Acquiring new language ability is considered to be cognitive skill, and this development affected me psychologically as well. In the beginning of my stay in United States, I had trouble making myself understood by Americans. I thought it was due to my poor English speaking and my quite personality. However, after I gained enough ability of English to communicate with others, I realized that the problems are also as a result of cultural differences. Through self-analysis I started paying close attention to one’s behavior and using these observations to shape the way one behaves. This shows that I was using observational learning as a major tool of understanding another culture. I believe by physically and emotionally participating in the social interactions of particular society, it is possible to become accepted as member of that society. Along with observational learning, I was very motivated to involve myself with new communities. Every day I tried new American foods, watched to American television, listen to foreign music, traveled to different states, and read a lot of American books. Eventually, my effort reduced cultural barriers and allowed to understand that United States became my second home. Today, I know that it wasn’t just learning process about different culture, it was my willingness to accept another type of society and culture in my daily life. When you live in a place with different customs and traditions from yours, you have to be able to develop yourself with unknown conditions. For me, it meant making new friends, learning other points of view, accepting different opinions and values. After adjusting to a new living, I realized how valuable my family was. Living away significantly reinforced my independent behavior that always grows inside of me. Being far away from my family gave me a lot of experiences toward organizing my life. Yes, living in another country is a really interesting and unforgettable experience, but at the same time it has very important effects on one’s life.

Makalah Mabim Aksi - Kajian BPJS Essays - , Term Papers

Makalah Mabim Aksi - Kajian BPJS Evaluasi Hasil Pelak sanaan Kebijakan BPJS dan Keluhan PEngguns Oleh: Christian Hadi Asmoro (130210170023) Pelayanan kesehatan adalah salah satu hak mendasar masyarakat yang penyediannya wajib diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah sebagaimana telah diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Dasar 1945 pasal 28 H ayat (1) Setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Perpres Nomor 12 Tahun 2013 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Perubahan iuran jaminan kesehatan nasional untuk peserta pekerja bukan penerima upah dan peserta bukan pekerja. Perpres tentang naiknya iuran bagi para peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan tersebut ditetapkan Presiden Joko Widodo pada 29 Februari 2016. Pemerintah membatalka n kenaikan iuran BPJS Kesehatan untuk kelas III yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pres iden Nomor 19 Tahun 2016. Dalam Perpres terse but, iuran BPJS Kesehatan untuk kelas III akan dinaikkan dari Rp 25 .500 menjadi Rp 30.000. Setelah Pemerintah membatalkan ken aikan iuran BPJS Kesehatan maka besaran iuran yang dibayarkan bagi pemegang kartu kelas III sebesar Rp 25.500 . Pelayanan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan banyak yang dikeluhkan dan dipersoalkan masyarakat. Layanan Kesehatan milik pemerintah banyak dilaporkan kelembaga Ombudsman Republik Indonesia (ORI). Menurut Asisten ORI Perwakilan D. I. Yogyakarta (Bapak Jaka Susila Wahyuana) laporan keluhan tentang prosedur pelayanan BPJS Kesehatan cukup tinggi pada tahun 2015. Laporan yang masuk kelembaga Ombudsman Republik Indonesia (ORI) di antaranya dalam hal pengurusan birokrasi, pendaftaran, hingga antrian yang lam a dan juga terkait pembayarannya . . Hubungan Stakeholder Hubungan Kerja Sama Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Dengan Rumah Sakit Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) adalah badan hukum publik yang dibentuk untuk menyelenggarakan program jaminan sosial. BPJS terdiri dari BPJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Sedangkan BPJS Kesehatan adalah badan hukum yang dibentuk untuk menyelenggarakan program jaminan kesehatan. Rumah sakit adalah salah satu bagian pelayanan kesehatan yang dikembangkan dalam membangun kesehatan. Kebutuhan akan kesehatan menjadi bagian yang sangat vital membuat rumah sakit menjadi sangat penting. Dari tabel 4 di halaman berikutnya tampak bahwa jumlah Rumah Sakit yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan Provinsi D. I. Yogyakarta berjumlah 57 Rumah Sakit. Jumlah ini terbagi atas Kabupaten yang ada di provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sedangkan di Kabupaten Bantul jumlah Rumah Sakit yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan berjumlah 13 Rumah Sakit. Hubungan Kerja Sama Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Dengan Puskesmas Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial adalah badan hukum publik yang dibentuk untuk menyelenggarakan program jaminan sosial. BPJS terdiri dari BPJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) adalah salah satu pelaksana pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat penting di Indonesia. Pusat pembinaan masyarakat di bidang kesehatan dan pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama yang unit pelaksana teknis dinas kebupaten/kota yang bertanggungjawab menyelenggarakan pembangunan kesehatan di suatu wilayah kerja (Depkes, 2011). Puskesmas adalah unit pelayanan tingkat pertama dalam membangun kesehatan di Indonesia. Pelayanan tingkat pertama ini menjadi sangat penting keberadaaya untuk mewujudkan derajat kesehatan secara optimal. Pola hubungan antar lembaga Bandan Penyelenggara Jamaian Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan dengan Fasilitas Kesehatan Hubungan Kerja Sama antar lembaga Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) dengan Faslitas Kesehatan yang telah diamanatkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 85 Tahun 2013 Pasal 6 ayat 1 dan 2 Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, dapat melakukan kerja sama dengan organisasi atau lembaga lain dalam negeri dan luar nergi. Kerja sama ini dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas BPJS Kesehatan atau meningkatkan kualitas pelayanannya kepada peserta. Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial adalah badan hukum publik yang dibentuk untuk menyelenggarakan program jaminan sosial. BPJS terdiri dari BPJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Menurut Peraturan Presiden No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang perubahan kedua atas Peraturan Presiden No.12 Tahun 2013 Tentang Jaminan Kesehatan dalam pasal 1 ayat 14 menjelaskan bahwa pengertian dari fasilitas kesehatan ialah pelayanan kesehatan yang digunakan untuk menyelenggarakan upaya pelayanan kesehatan perorangan, baik promotif, preventif, kuratif maupun rehabilitatif yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah, Pemerintah Daerah, dan/atau Masyarakat Fasilitas kesehatan haruslah menjamin kesehatan dari pesertanya sendiri. Menurut peraturan presiden tersebut, setidaknya ada dua kategori yang masuk kepada peserta JKN Kesehatan yaitu, PBI dan bukan PBI kesehatan. Peserta PBI kesehatan adalah orang yang tergolong fakir miskin dan tidak mampu. Sedangkan peserta bukan PBI kesehatan merupakan pesrta yang bukan

spanking effect essays

spanking effect essays Children are as same as plants. If you take good care of plants than plants will grow healthy and give you more flowers. This is also same for children. If you treat them well they became good person in future. Childhood is the foundation of human. Person who was very happy in his childhood he will remain happy in his all life. In young age children need extra attention. Parents play important role in young age of their children. Children behavior depends on parent behavior. Instead of spanking their children they just convinced them what is correct and what is wrong by telling them meaning full stories. I strongly believe that spanking the children is very dangerous because it effect on childrens mental health, on childrens education. Children also become violent by spanking . Spanking has a dangerous effect on children mind. If parent beat their children at very young age than children mind will not develop properly. In young age the effect of spanking remain in children mind for forever. According to Ashley Montagu, The effect remains with the victim forever and becomes an unforgiving part of his or her personality. When I was in primary school I had one friend. His parent always beat him on small problems. Because of this he frustrated and do not able to any thing accurately. I saw him always in sad mood. And eventually he got depression of that that he is not good in any things because thats what his parent told him everyday. After some time he became mad and he did suicide. I believe that this was very heartbreaking. Parent should think on negative side of spanking. Spanking is also not good for childrens education. Spanking create fear on children mind. And this fear cause harmful effect on childrens education. Dr. Daniel Whiteside has mention in article that corporal punishment of children actually interferes with the process of learning. Because of spanking ...

How To Build The Highest-Trafficked Website With Mike Danner

How To Build The Highest-Trafficked Website With Mike Danner How can you grow your website to become the world’s largest in your niche? Traffic without conversions does not let you influence profitable customer action, which marketing is designed to do. How can you get more results from your Website traffic? Marketing automation with Google provides prospective customers with what they want and when they need it to help influence their purchase decisions. Today, we’re talking to Mike Danner, vice president of digital marketing at Ancient Nutrition. He helped the company’s Website, Dr. Axe, become the largest natural health Website in the world and generate about 19 million unique visits each month. Ancient Nutrition and Dr. Axe help educate and provide supplements for those who want a natural approach Ancient Nutrition is progressive and doing things right to grow its Website Every generation requires its own revolution; current generation is focused on sustainable farming and getting rid of big manufacturing lines Ancient Nutrition evolved out of passion and vision to become #1 natural health Website in the world and buy Whole Foods some day Organic and surge approach through success leaving clues; seek the best and biggest to mimic Use automation to help increase conversions; automation through ClickFunnels improved growth for Ancient Nutrition Focus on the return received from training, not the cost of the training Organize, optimize, customize when building automation Funnels that trigger journeys include micro-intense steps (cart abandonment) Review and analyze data to make decisions; phases of data absorption, monitoring, and testing experimentation and exploitation Shiny objects are fun, but deploy something to earn money Marketing Automation and Integrative/Holistic Approach to Testing Program: How often are you going to test? What are you going to do with the data? If brand new to marketing automation, anchor toward your goals; make as much as you can evergreen, and automation’s only as good as the multiplier Links: Ancient Nutrition Dr. Axe Jim Rohn Neil Patel ClickFunnels Brad Martineau Google Analytics Tim Ferriss Convert.com Austin Brawner Russell Brunson Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Mike Danner: â€Å"The marketing, the mechanics, the people- that was really laid on top of that foundation, which is just an incredible scaffolding for us to be able to build this marketing enterprise on top of.† â€Å"We were just writing the best content that we possibly could.† â€Å"We probably said the phrase- organize, optimize, customize––their mantra for building automation, which is to first get all your thoughts in paper then you get it out. Then, you optimize it.†

Phase 5 Individual Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phase 5 Individual Project - Assignment Example A DNA profile is encrypted numbers unique to a specific organism, and can accurately identify a specific organism. Variable Number Tandem repeats is an aspect of DNA testing, and they are similar related organisms. Unrelated organisms are less likely to have similar DNA profiles. Through the use of DNA technology, Timothy Spencer was convicted for the murder of Debbie Davis. Investigators collected hairs and semen at the scene of murder and they linked them to the DNA make up of Timothy Spencer. From the trial, the jury was convinced that the genetic make-up in the pieces of evidence collected had a likelihood of matching the genetic make-up of Spencer to the accuracy of seven hundred and five million people. The conviction of Spencer was upheld by the United States Court of Appeal which held that the use of DNA technology was safe and rightfully identified the suspect. It can be used to exonerate suspects from criminal liability. Medwed (2012) analyzes the case of Woodall II vs. the State, where DNA tests proved that he was innocent of rape, robbery and kidnappings. In the case People vs. Castro, the court held that DNA could prove that blood found on Castro’s watch is not his. This was a murder case in which Castro faced charges of killing his neighbor and her 2 year old daughter (Medwed 2012). Another purpose of DNA testing is to acquire a warrant of arrest and a jury induction. In Milwaukee Wisconsin, a warrant of arrest against John Doe is filed. This warrant of arrest is filed on the basis of matching DNA tests on the scene of crime. The state of Utah issued similar warrants of arrests against John Doe basing on the DNA tests found on the scenes of crime, and the state of New York filed a grand jury induction of John Doe. However, the United States courts emphasize proper use of DNA technology in ensuring equitable application of justice. In the case United States vs. Schwartz (1989), the Supreme Court

Events form the history which have been influenced by the tax policy Essay

Events form the history which have been influenced by the tax policy issue - Essay Example The paper tells that in current modern environment, the world is moving towards 5th generation. People always want to live in safe and healthy environment. The safe and healthy environment only possible when the all the internal systems of a country in controlled in effective manner. For this purposes, governments of different countries have made quality tax rules to run the internal systems in efficient manner. The people pay the money in the form of taxes to governments and governments spend this money to rum the system of their country. There are many interesting events in the history that which have been influenced by the tax policy issue. An example of this can be seen in the case of Lady, Godiva. According to the popular legend, Lady Godiva rode naked through the streets of Coventry to protest against her husband oppressive tax system. She also appealed against her husband. Another recent example can be seen in the case of Tea party movement in the United States. The Tea Party movement is a political movement in America that is generally recognized as conventional and libertarian party. This Political movement is also supported by the political candidates. The main goals of this movement are to encourage the government to reduce capital spending and level of heavy taxes. Tea party movement also enforces the government to reduce the tax rate. The voters of Tea party movement think that excessive high taxes are a burden on the citizens of US. Tea party movement refers that the high taxes are the way of legalized robbery. There are two more events form the history is discussed in this essay. The first event is the American evolution and the second event is American civil war. These both events have been influenced by the tax policy issue. These events have been discussed in detail. The first part of the event contains description of the event. At the second part, The Relevance of the event to tax policy has been discussed. Last part contains the personal eva luation that I assessed from these events. American Revolution Description of the American Revolution American Revolution is one of the major events in history that make material influences on the tax policies. Generally, American Revolution was referred to a fight between Britain and America. According to history, the main reason of the American Resolution is the system of taxes that Britain imposed on American colonies. Britain imposed the taxation on approval of the parliament. They did not represent these taxes in the parliament. On the other hand, colonials did not want to pay taxes on their routine import and exports. Some of the biggest merchants also denied paying taxes on their trading. In 1607, these colonies were isolated form its mother country due to the French and Indian war1. The kind sates that, the colonies have ability to take care of their own matters. He argued that the colonials have the rights to settle their own external and internal disputes. In this mean tim e British are busy in foreign wars and they did not understand the complexity of this matter. At the end of these wars the British imposed taxes on colonies to restore them in previous state. Colonials denied following the new tax system because they thought that it is the violation of their natural rights. They do not have any liability to pay these taxes. They also state argued that these taxes are to pay off the cost of the wars between England and France. There are also other reasons of American Revolution but taxes are those were imposed to pay off the cost of wars acted as the oil on the flame. The people of the colonies did not want to pay taxes without a proper representation. American colonies always wanted to live as an independent nation. For this purpose, they had set

Things Fall Apart Essay Example for Free

Things Fall Apart Essay Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. 50th anniversary edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1959. 211. Print Chinua Achebe was an african man who was raised in the large village of Ogidi in Eastern Nigeria. Things Fall Apart was Chinuas first book. In the year 1944 Chinua attended the Goverment College like other major nigerian writers. He also later attended the University College of Ibadan, where he studied english, history, and theology. Okonkwo strives to be nothing like his father but in the end he is no better. Ikemefuna comes to Umuofia as a human sacrafice from the neighboring clan of Mbaino for the killing of one of the Umuofia women. He lives with Okonkwo for the course of three years, in which he becomes like a son to Okonkwo and his three wives and a older brother and mentor to Nwoye Okonkwos son. Okonkwo gets bad chi because he beats his wife during peace week which was unheard of in his village peace week meant togetherness and happiness After , peace week marks the start of the king of the crop, the yam season which must start with peacfullness. Ikemefuna is then odered to be killed because he called Okonkwo father and Okonkwo called him son which was not supposed to happen. So, Okonkwo tells Ikemefuna that he is going home and on the way he kills him. Okonkwo regrets his choice because he went against the oracle which said he was supposed to have no part in killing the boy. Thus Things begin to fall apart. Chinua wrote the book Things Fall Apart to describe Nigerian culture and the effects of European colonization upon it. It was also written as a response to the Western beliefs that the Africans were uncivilized and barbaric people. Over the course of the book, Okonkwo overcomes obstacles arising from the conflicts of man vs. self, man vs. society, and man vs. estiny, through which he gains inherent morals and life lessons that make the story as a whole a sort of bildungsroman, by depicting the personal growth of its main character.

Ode On Grecian Urn and Sailing To Byzantium :: Sailing To Byzantium Essays

Ode On Grecian Urn and Sailing To Byzantium When you go to bed you see that it is dark outside, but when you wake you see light. The light and dark of the day is very dissent, but they are very closely related. Dark and light are the fares things from each other, while you can't have light without dark meeting. In the "Ode on a Grecian Urn" and "Sailing to Byzantium" we see these differences. The difference in the "Ode on Grecian Urn" and " Sailing to Byzantium" are very distinctive especially in the themes of art verses nature in the battle between immortality. "Sailing to Byzantium" has themes such as art verses nature while "Ode on a Grecian Urn" relies mainly on the battle of immortality in life. This can also be said about "Sailing to Byzantium." We will start with "Sailing to Byzantium to show the strive for immortality. This theme of immortality as I go thoughtout this poem: "That is no country for old men. The young in one other arms, bids in the tree. Those dying generations of their song." (1,2,3) Imortality hit you in the face start off these lines. It talks about old becoming young and birds and trees. This makes you think of spring and vegetation and animals and life. Yates uses vivified examples such as "An Aged Man is but a patty thing, a tattered coat upon a stick." (9,10) Yates is describing a scarecrow or what you might call death. He also talks about a maniacal bird in lines thirty and thirty-one. This is something that isn't dying and will go on forever. These two images life and death help insure the complexity of these poems. The images of life and death is also repesented in Keats "Ode on a Grecian Urn." "What leap-fringd Latin haults about they shap of deities or mortials or both." (5,6) As you can see through reading these lines life and death are big aspects in this poem. One the other side this poem is very different from Sailing to Byzantium." In "Ode on a Grecian Urn" there is just one aspect that is really representatives here. This aspect of death is talked about so vivialy in this poem. Keats talks about death all through this poem. "Through winning Near the Goal-yet do not greive, she can not save, through threw has not the bliss."(18,19) When you die you fade away. This tone is all through this poem. Death is a huge aspect and a way of life. The vivid way that keats talks about

Comprehensive Classroom Technology Plan Essay

Introduction For many schools across the country there have been many studies on what type of communication is best for students, teachers, and parents going into the 21st century. Many school districts have chosen the (CMC) technology which is the Computer mediated communication and it has dramatically changed the ways for students to interact with their professors, especially for communication outside of the classroom (which is better choice pg1). For my future classrooms this along with the phone and paper is my preferred communication method of choice. Class Website From many studies students who are older prefer asynchronous communication such as email can effectively help students in solving problems outside of the classroom. Recently synchronous communication such as a virtual office hours using online chat was also widely used in the class room. (Which is a better choice page 9) For a school website to exist the schools must first follow these four objectives. 1: An introduction to who the school is. 2: An interface of outside resources 3: Publisher of good works 4: A Data resource. (Tech Trends vol 49 num. 6 pages 1.) Most schools already have websites that display this information however what would need to be created is simply a white board that parents and faculty members who are involved with the kindergarten level can access. White board A whiteboard is simply a website that parents and faculty members alike can log onto and check what is happening in the classroom as well as grades. For kindergarten I propose that this whiteboard would have a white page with buttons at the top that will take them to different links. These buttons are laid out in a simple tool bar layout. |Teacher |Student List |Grades |Work for week |School Calendar |Current curriculum |Classroom policies and | |Contact Info. . | | | | | |procedures | Tool Bar Buttons A: Teacher contact info. – This will have my contact information and the hours I am available as well as my vision and mission statement. B: This will have the student’s names that are listed in my class as well as their parents Emergency contact information only visible to faculty. C: Will list the current grades for each subject for the quarter or semester that we are currently in. D: This will have any subjects or work that we are working on for the week so that parents can visually see what we are doing in class. E: This will have a classroom calendar will subject time slots as well as break schedules, lunch times, and other time slots as needed F: This will have my classroom curriculum for the semester and will be constantly updated as it changes G: To me it is important for parents to know the behavior system that you as a teacher put into place as well as any school policies regarding anything from parent –teacher conflict ,kids misbehaving, lunch procedures, etc. All of this involves the webmaster for the school simply using basic html web creating code to create. The information that is based on the website is simple text with minimal visualization. Email/phone The other form of communication that I would have my parents use would be email system as well as phones. Most parents who are in the current age of computers and 21st technology are familiar with how to email and use smart phones as well. I would use this system to keep parents informed in any behavior issues as they occur. The phone system would be not only an emergency behavior contact system but also an important communication tool for any parent to contact me. Technology hindered parents Now there are parents out there who may be ESL parents that are not familiar with how to access the whiteboard or email. For these parents I would suggest sending out monthly handouts that explain A: How to use the white board and email. B: my contact information as well as the schools. C: Since I am pretty fluent in computers I would also try an hold a 1hour class free to parents a month to show them not only the benefits of technology but how to access our whiteboard for student and classroom information. Of course C is based on the amount of computers that our school district has provided us because as we all know some rural schools are still not able to provide a computer lab. How would I setup communication for this school? Non Computer lab school. For a school that doesn’t have a computer lab or website I would revert back to the old fashion way of creating a folder for my students to take home every Friday that would encompass all the information that would be normally available on the website. School Website security Since I am a teacher obviously computer security would be the webmasters job. However I would ask parents to join the schools computer website by creating a username and password so that they would have access to the resources available on the classroom whiteboard as well as the schools website. Faculty For the white board I would ask my fellow teachers to setup a development team to keep the specific kindergarten audience in mind. They would submit a design as to what appropriate sites, cultural analysis, content organization for a culturally responsive website, as well as development of the site and constant site evaluation. (Tec trends Vol 49, number 6 pg. 35) Eventually after the site was created and used for a year I would ask the development team to go back and perform an analysis to see how convenient the site use was for parents and faculty. Then I would ask this analysis information to be passed around to other schools as well as school districts in hopes that it would spread across the state as well as country. I would recommend using all of this analysis with the website http://teacher. scholastic. com/homepagebuilder/ to build the whiteboard and website for all schools. Conclusion As you can see my vision for communication for the 21st century framework not only includes technology of old (paper, phones) but a computer mediated  communication website that provides all the details of myself as a teacher plus the classroom information for my class. This type of technology will help not only the student to parent communication about what is going on in class but also the parent to teacher communication about my vision and mission statement as a teacher. I believe a white board is what every classroom should have in education for classroom of the 21st century References. Author A: Lei Li1Author B: Finley, John1Author C: Pitts, Jennifer1Author D: Rong Guo1 (2010). Which is a better choice for student-faculty interaction: synchronous or asynchronous communication? Journal of Technology Research; Sep2010, Vol. 2, p1-12, 11p, 5 Charts Author A: Miller, Susan1Author B: Adsit, Karen I. 2, 3 Author C: Miller, Ted4 (Dec 2005) Evaluating the Importance of Common Components in School-Based Websites: Frequency of Appearance and Stakeholders’ Judged Value. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning; Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p34-40, 7p, 5 Charts Author A: Walters, Marlenel Author B: Fehring, Heather2 (2009) An investigation of the incorporation of Information and Communication Technology and thinking skills with Year 1 and 2 students. Australian Journal of Language & Literacy; Oct2009, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p258-272, 15p, 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart Website: http://teacher. scholastic. com/homepagebuilder/

The Theme of Music in Captain Corelli’s Mandolin

‘She realised suddenly that there was something about music that had never been revealed to her before: it was not merely the production of sweet sound; it was, to those who understood it, an emotional and intellectual odyssey.' The theme of music takes on many forms and is central to understanding many characters and situations in the novel. The title of the novel itself mentions the all-important Mandolin, which emphasizes its importance beyond anything else. When we are first introduced to Captain Corelli's mandolin, it is instantly evident that he has given it a woman's name, Antonia, personifying the object. He also refers to the playing of the instrument as if it is crying in his arms as he plays it. As the main focus in this book is eventually the relationship between Pelagia and Corelli, music appears to play an important role in this relationship. Pelagia cannot work out why it is that a talented musician would settle for a life in the army, and it is this mystique and talent that attracts her to the Captain. There are evident fronts that both Pelagia and Corelli both put on, Pelagia as the innocent and stern Greek who's duty it is to hate the Italians, and Corelli as the Italian soldier getting drunk with prostitutes. But it seems that when Corelli begins to play his mandolin, both these fronts disappear to be replaced by Pelagia's genuine admiration and Corelli's genuine love for the instrument. The link between the mandolin and the relationship is made clear by Corelli's comparison of the instrument to Pelagia as well as the sound it makes: ‘How like Pelagia is a mandolin, how gracious and how lovely' ‘I think of Pelagia in terms of chords' Not only does the mandolin and its sounds reflect the attraction of the couple, but it also sums up quite perfectly the situation that prevents them from being lovers, as Corelli mentions in chapter 42. ‘Pelagia is sad and I pick up Antonia and play re minor. She looks up and says â€Å"That's exactly how I was feeling, how did you know?† and I would have liked to have said, â€Å"Pelagia I love you, and that is how I know†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ The theme of song appears throughout the novel, many characters display a need and a use for music and this becomes evident when considering this theme. The uses for music in the novel are varied and it is interesting to compare each use of music in different situations to gain insight into its value. Lemoni, the innocent and pure child that everyone in the villiage has time for uses song to keep her amused, and to create a relationship with the wild animals she loves so much. It is mentioned that insanity is only acceptable when one is a child, and Lemoni's attempts to teach a stray dog to sing in chapter 9. ‘†He's singing! He's singing!† Cried Lemoni and joined in â€Å"A-ee-ra, a-ee-ra, a-eera† She also plays with the crickets and gets herself bitten by one. It is not mentioned but perhaps Lemoni is drawn to the loud song of the cricket and may have attempted to sing along with them too. Her purity and wild, uncorrupted interpretation of the songs of the animals seem to bring her closer to them. We never see Lemoni playing with the other children in the villiage, perhaps there are none but it would appear more likely that she seeks her companionship in the singing animals she spends all her time with. Another example in the novel where song is used for an alternative reason is when the brigands are found by Carlo and Francesco, drunk and singing in the tower that they have seized by force. One would assume that any outlaws would be lying low, or on heavy guard for attackers, but it seems this half-hearted war against people not really considered to be the enemy has brought out the side of the soldiers that would prefer to be drunk and mid-song than armed and waiting for combat. This element makes it that little bit harder for Carlo and Francesco to kill these men not so different from themselves, but in times of war these feelings are expected to be brushed aside by soldiers. ‘There was the sound of singing from the tower, and it seemed they must have been a little drunk' But it is not just the situation of war that brings about song in the characters in the novel, it seems that any chance of celebration, whether it be a small victory, the ringing of the church bells, a tradition or the arrival of an expected miracle requires musical accompaniment of some sort. ‘Finally arrived at the point where singing was both natural and inevitable, they sang together a cantada' So from Corelli's gentlemen's singing club, to Lemoni's singing animals, and the composition of Pelagia's march, it is not difficult to identify the importance of music, song and sound in Captain Corelli's Mandolin.

Essay Sample on Moral Dilemma in Relationships My Own Research

Essay Sample on Moral Dilemma in Relationships My Own Research Example essay on Moral Dilemma in Relationships: Have you ever faced a situation in which you feel obliged to take two or more actions (at a time), but then realized that it would not be possible? Moral philosophy/ethics refer to such situations as â€Å"moral dilemmas†. Moral dilemmas distinguish themselves from other forms of dilemma in that the agent feels obliged to execute each of two or more actions; the agent is capable of executing each of those actions; but he cannot carry out both (or more) of the actions (Rachels Rachels, 2006). Consequently, the agent risks moral failure no matter what he does. For instance, the Bible, and indeed the society encourage people to love their neighbors. Now, imagine a situation in which an armed person decides to rape his; if he executes the beastly act, that neighbor will most likely not love him. On the other hand, if she restrains him, this then fails the test of love. Ideally, the result of the action the agent may opt to take will be wrong, or not in accordance with his will. F or any moral dilemma to be valid, neither of the conflict obligations should override the other. Moral dilemmas occur in almost every sphere of our daily lives, ranging from real life issues (such as relationships, dating, sexuality, friendships, and others), in businesses (such as management decisions, profit motives, class struggles, among others, and in the larger context of society like laws vs. conscience, citizens vs. government, and religion vs. laws. I opt to discuss relationship dilemmas because, in my career as a high school teacher, I get innumerable concerns on relationships from my students. I have known this student, Mark, since his early schooling years, and he has confided a lot of his personal life issues in me, as his teacher. The other day, I noticed that he was acting rather withdrawn in my afternoon philosophy class. As usual, after the class was over, I asked him if he could follow me to my office, to which he readily agreed. After a short moment of silence, I asked him what was bothering him. He has a girlfriend, he told me, whom she has dearly loved and courted for three years now and several days ago he introduced the girl to his parents. Sadly, the parents did not approve of his fiancà ©e, quoting, among other things, that she was of a lower class, and the fact that she is of color. Mark loves his parents too because they have brought him up in a loving manner and instilled strong Christian religious values in him. That is why he is in a dilemma as to what he ought to do; with whom he is to side. I acknowledge that this is no small dilemma. Mark is caught b etween giving up his fiancà ©e’s love, his parental love, or his religious morals. He even confided in me that, for his love for his fiancà ©e, he was still contemplating eloping with her to an undisclosed location. Having assessed the conflict, it is clear that prompt and appropriate approach aimed at reaching sound solutions must be sought. Different people would approach the dilemma from different perspectives, and so would I. However, any forward thinking individual will have the inclination of first differentiating â€Å"right† from â€Å"wrong† as a firm basis upon which to solve Mark’s dilemma. The most probable guidelines for approaching this dilemma include trying to determine whether there are rules, religious beliefs, or other norms that explain what being good involves (Rachels Rachels, 2006). To be good, should people act as per the directives of their parents, friends, or society? The main philosophical perspectives that can solve Mark’s case include, first, â€Å"duty-oriented† approach (deontological), proposed by Immanuel Kant. Mark has already proposed to his fiancà ©e and promised to marry her, no matter what. It is, therefore, his duty to fulfill the promise, and this ought to be his only reference point in this whole conflict. The failure to act in conformity to his vows condemns him to the shame associated with failure. He should not mind what his parents may think of his decision-he has a duty to fulfill, and that is what determines his virtue. The consequences are absolutely irrelevant. Another approach that Mark may resort to in order to solve his dilemma is William Paley’s proposition that â€Å"right† is anything that conforms to God’s commandments. Mark grew up in under strict Christian religious values, and he ought to utilize them to solve his dilemma. He must understand that God demands that children respect and obey their parents. Therefore, by refusing to leave the girl, he will be disobeying and disrespecting his parents-he will not be right. On the contrary, Mark may weigh out the consequences of his decision and opt to pursue the greatest good for all the involved parties. By so doing, he will be acting in accordance with John Stuart Mill’s consequence-based (teleological) theory. This is my most preferred way of solving Mark’s dilemma, and indeed many other instances of moral dilemma. If Mark decides to continue with his embattled relationship, he faces huge opposition from his parents, which could build considerable tension in his parent-child relationship. In addition, his decision to keep the relationship poses potential possibilities of having to elope with the girl to a foreign destination. Such an action will effectively disrupt his studies and cut him out of his best friends at school. In effect, although having to compromise his love for the girl is not a simple decision, it would make sense to me if he left her and found another suitable woman. The negative consequences of the relationship, by fa r, outweigh its benefits in the long- run. Mills contended that people ought to work hard at maximizing human happiness, which he calls utilitarianism (Rachels Rachels, 2006). However, there are other groups of people who do not subscribe to any norm or principle. They tend to think that one’s moral behavior is a function of personal choice or brainwashing from parents, and society. This category of people is called existentialist (Rachels Rachels, 2006). I would tend to view Mark’s case as a brainwashing by his parents and society. His parents boast of having brought him up under Christian values, yet they expressly denounce their love for Mark’s fiancà ©e, thereby breaking God’s greatest commandment of loving others as much as we love ourselves!

10 Classes of Careless Usage

10 Classes of Careless Usage 10 Classes of Careless Usage 10 Classes of Careless Usage By Mark Nichol If you find yourself making any of the following types of errors, general or specific, brush up on your writing with grammar guides and usage handbooks and/or any or all of the other strategies mentioned at the end of this post. 1. Appending an s to words in which, in most usage, the letter should not be included (for example, regards, as in â€Å"in regards to†) or that, in American English, have dropped it altogether (backward). (Using the -st ending in such words as amidst and amongst is a similar sign of poor usage.) 2. Using the incorrect form of pronouns writing, for example, â€Å"My friend and myself† instead of â€Å"My friend and I† or â€Å"That happened to she and I at the same time† rather than â€Å"That happened to her and me at the same time.† (If you don’t like the way that sentence looks, either, write, â€Å"That happened to both of us at the same time.†) 3. Using unnecessarily complicated words or phrases in favor of simpler, well-established terms: utilize instead of use, â€Å"prior to† in place of before, subsequently instead of later. 4. Using nonwords: irregardless, supposably, theirselves. 5. Using plural forms of words instead of singular ones: â€Å"a criteria,† â€Å"a phenomena.† 6. Using less when fewer is appropriate: â€Å"There are less boxes than I thought† instead of â€Å"There are fewer boxes than I thought.† 7. Using euphemisms: â€Å"He passed away last year† instead of â€Å"He died last year.† 8. Using badly in place of bad in such sentences as â€Å"He feels badly about the decision.† 9. Adding extraneous prepositions: â€Å"That’s too small of a shirt for you.† 10. Employing erroneous wording of idiomatic phrases: â€Å"for all intensive purposes† instead of â€Å"for all intents and purposes.† So, how do you know if you’re making such mistakes? Printing this representative list out and tacking it up next to your computer is all well and good for reminding you about these ten pitfalls, but what about the hundreds of others that plague writers? A combination of strategies is called for: Do Your Homework Borrow or buy some of the books listed in the post I linked to in the first paragraph, or check out the resources reviewed on this site. You needn’t read these guides cover to cover; just browse each one to determine whether its content or presentation style is appropriate for you, then, a few pages at a time, work your way through the ones that work for you. Read Role Models Seek out high-quality prose: leading magazines and newspapers and great literature. You don’t have to give up reading your favorite blogs or pulp fiction (some of which is/are very well written), but divide your leisure reading between the exemplary and the acceptable so that you can distinguish between the two and recognize well-constructed prose. Go Back to School Take a writing or editing class, whether offered as part of a university’s regular curriculum or as a continuing-education course. Whether you earned an MA in literature is irrelevant. You probably didn’t focus on the mechanics of writing during your college years, but now it’s time to do so. Ask for Backup Get a friend or a colleague whose writing or editing skills you respect to look over shorter pieces for you and flag grammar and usage errors. (Emphasize that you’d like them to merely call out the problems; you’ll solve them.) This strategy doesn’t work if you’ve completed a novel or a thick report, unless you can pay or trade for services, but when applied to short stories or modest work projects, it will help you develop your skills. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Precedent vs. Precedence50 Synonyms for "Song"

Identify two explinations that are particulary relevent for low voter Essay

Identify two explinations that are particulary relevent for low voter turnout in local elections as compared to national elections - Essay Example Current research has shown that one of the most critical reasons for lower voter turnout in local elections as compared to national elections is election timing. Hajnal and Lewis (2003) believe that scheduling local elections at the same time as statewide primaries or general elections would immediately increase number of votes cast in the local elections, because national elections historically have higher voter turnout (Hajnal and Lewis, 2003). The reason for this increase, as Hajnal and Lewis (2003) explain, is that it would be very convenient for voter to have just one day of elections, where they would have to check a few more names on their local election lists in addition to national election lists. Naturally, it makes sense. The voters would have to take less time out of their busy schedules to commute to the election sites. Besides, single election day requires less planning and organization on the part of the voters, and thus it becomes more convenient. Another reason for lower turnout in local elections is the limitation of the local government in terms of its service delivery arrangements as identified by Hajnal and Lewis (2003). A lot of local governments contract out the city services. For example, city councils will contract with county governments to provide the services for the city. This practice has a lot of advantages, such as more efficient and more cost-effective service delivery. However, at the same time this practice has its negative effects, especially when it comes to local elections. It reduces the power of local officials, such as their ability to provide and control local jobs. As a result, reduced power leads to reduced interests in local officials and local governance overall during the local elections. Thus, voter turnout in local elections can be increased by scheduling the local elections at the same time as national elections, and by providing more power to local officials. These steps would increase public

Euthanasia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Euthanasia - Term Paper Example There are a plethora of perspectives which must be considered and this paper will shed light upon the most important perspectives. No religion in the world would vouch for assisted suicides as it is a huge sin to bring your life to an end and it is an even bigger sin to help someone die but in the case of terminally ill people it is a different story. There are several NGOs that have been established to help terminally ill people; Dying with dignity is one such NGO which is located in Canada. The members of the NGO have been trying hard to help terminally ill people, the NGO supports assisted suicide but at the same time they have been trying to ensure that the terminally ill patients die without any pain and they die with dignity. In some countries it is against the law to assist terminally ill patients to commit suicide. Final exit network is another NGO which helps terminally ill patients in assisted suicides. This NGO is known for accepting patients who are suffering from fatal diseases like cancer, heart failure, Parkinson’s disease and so on. Usually it is very difficult for such patients to be adopted by an NGO but Final exit is an exception and it accepts almost everyone. The near and dear ones of the terminally ill die each day, they suffer from physical and emotional trauma isn’t assisted suicide better than dying each day? It may not be the best option but when emotional pain and suffering supersedes everything, one is left with a handful of options.

Principles of Marketing Management - Assignment 2

Principles of Marketing Management - 2 - Assignment Example The plan will cover different external as well as internal environmental analysis of the company for the purpose of having long term sustainability in the market and attain a better competitive position. Ikea Estates is a sister concern of Inter IKEA Holding. The company operates in a decentralised manner in which each division of the company owns its own responsibilities. In addition to this, different business lines and operations are handled by their own managements. In this context, Ikea Estates is a separate and independent concern under the flagship of Inter IKEA Holding. This division of the group deals in real estate properties like housing. The prime quest of this division is to create long term value for the division as well as entire group with the help of making investments in properties. In addition to this, the overall operations of the organisation includes the development of new properties, land banking and undertaking of the active management the portfolio of properties that can be proved quite efficient to retrieve maximum amount of returns from the investments (Property Division 2013). Ikea Estates was recognised as a separate division of the entire group in the year 1990, when housing and real estate market was on boom phase. This division of the country is quite expended and geographically diversified. There are 8 different European countries in which, the company has registered its footprint quite intensively. These countries are Spain, the Netherlands, the UK, Poland, Latvia, Belgium, Romania, and Lithuania ((Property Division 2013). The company is well known for its factory built housing schemes offered to the customers after the recent financial crisis. The concept of wood cladded and wonky roofed houses emerged by the company was exceptional and proved as one of the most successful business ideas after the recent financial crisis that has made the perception of people regarding real estate as an investment

Friends and the play of Nevilles Island Essay Example for Free

Friends and the play of Nevilles Island Essay The hit sitcom Friends started ten years ago when we were first introduced to Monica, Rachael, Phoebe, Chandler, Ross and Joey and today I am going to compare the sitcom of Friends with the play of Nevilles Island which was written by Tim Firth. Nevilles Island is not only a play. It has also been recently made into a film starring Timothy Spall, Martin Clunes, Jeff Rawle and David Bamber. Friends on the other hand was written and still remains for television and for the past ten years it has been broadcast over the Atlantic to millions of eager viewers both in America and the U. K. In America Friends is broadcast over the television network of NBC compared to the U.K where it is received through Channel 4. When we first observe the film of Nevilles Island we are introduced to four businessmen, who, when their boat sinks, find themselves stranded on a small island, called Rampsholme in the middle of the Lake Districts Derwent Water. The Four Characters in Nevilles Island are on a team-building weekend, they are Neville, (Jeff Rawle), has become the elected Captain of the group, who then proves he is unfit for his position when he leads the team in the wrong direction. He does his best to maintain order in the groups arguments, and works well as a go-between as he proves to be very reasonable with his fellow peers, and he seems to be the most adjusted member of the group to island life, He is dressed in an Anorak and wears glasses. He tries his hardest to keep the peace between Angus and Gordon, (Timothy Spall) who is extremely sarcastic towards his fellow peers and seems to pick up on every little flaw in their character, which later show him to be a bully, his cruel sarcasm gives us ma ny funny moments throughout the play of Nevilles island, such as all Christians are like Radio hams. Gordon seems to have many rants at his fellow colleagues most of which result in handbags at dawn style tension between him and Angus, (David Bamber) whom at the start of the play; he comes across as a good-natured person who is full of optimism. Angus seems to have dressed out of the camp shop side of his wardrobe so to speak as he is dressed constantly in cagoules, anoraks and knitted hats. Angus turns out to be a bit sad as he seems to bore everyone stiff, with his numerous attempts at cracking jokes. Also, later in the play where all hope seems to have to been lost he suddenly reveals a hidden sausage, which in the heating of proves to be very funny. He may also later have hindered the groups rescue as he seems to have bought the entire stock of a camping shop and told nobody about it, his shopping list includes a 18-inch knife, climbing ropeand for some reason unbeknown to his fellow standees..a dinner suit! Roy, (Martin Clunes), is a born-again Christian who has an un-kempt appearance. Roy has recently returned to work following a prolonged breakdown, after the death of his mother, Lucy, he literally hangs onto his sanity and Gordons rant about how old people only become religious because they are scared stiff, and there just grabbing, grabbing, grabbing at the rope, and no-ones holding the other end doesnt help either as this near-enough sends Roy into a relapse, and he disappears into the undergrowth with an 18-inch knife, so the group fear he may do something to harm himself, but later he is found, sat up a tree wearing only his underwear, but after he returns the knife to Neville, they fear he may take his own life again as Angus almost mile long piece of rope has gone missing, and they think he may hang himself he also reveals to Neville that he helped his mother to end her own lifeRoy is also a keen birdwatcher, and he takes his time on the island to observe a rare falcon, and is called amongst many other things by GordonDoo-lally Friends is all about 6 friends who all live in the same block of apartments in New York, the show takes us through their individual strengths, weaknesses, problems and goalsmost of all their intertwining relationships with each other. The characters in friends are Joey Tribbiani (Matt Leblanc.) Joey is broad-shouldered, wide-eyed and thick-headed. Joey comes from New York and is a lover who has had many partners. Joey is a not-so-good actor who never has to play-act being a good guy or a better friend, but he wants to hit the big-time as an actor. He is cheeky, and most of his jokes are sexually orientated, followed by hand gestures. Joey is sarcastic. Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry) Wise-cracks, and sets off development in characters storyline. Chandler appears to be over-qualified at work and he seems to be afraid of wife Monica. Chandler gives really bad advice. Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) Ross is the personification of an intellectual geek as he is an expert in Palaeontology. Ross is still looking for love after 3 divorces. He has always loved Rachael. Ross is quite nerdy, and (most of the time) sticks to the rule book. Rachael Green (Jennifer Aniston), Rachael comes across as an IT/ Daddys girl. She dithers a lot, and is meant to be with Ross, even though they have drifted apart many times. Monica Geller Bing (Courtney Cox Arquette) used to be a high-school fatty, but now has slimmed down to obsessive and cleaning mad Monica. She is a good sister to Ross and a friend to everyone. After marrying Chandler, Monica seems to have made him find his maturity. Phoebe Buffay Hannigan (Lisa Kudrow) a hippie chick who has led a traumatic life, her mother killed herself, her stepfather went to prison, and she lived on the streets for some of her life. She drives people mad with her out-of-key folk songs that she writes with her guitar. Phoebe can be quite dippy, but she is kind-hearted, a good spirit, and seems to take everyday as it comes. She near enough floats around and I think would have fit in perfectly in the 60s. Very off-the-wall. The sitcom of friends is set in New York and it appears to be aimed at the younger generations of the 90s and 00s, this is mainly caused by its humour and that the characters themselves are very young. In comparison to this the play of Nevilles Island is set in a remote island in the middle of a lake in the Lake District and its characters are all middle-aged around 40 years old and Nevilles Island, I think can appeal to all ages as the comedy and mishaps that occur between the four characters of Angus, Roy, Gordon and Neville could almost happen to anybody of any age. The four men in Nevilles Island are all executives of a water company and they have been sent on this team-building exercise. The friendships in either drama are very different, as the 6 friends in Friends are all immensely close and after being so for ten years they appear to have a love for each other which comes with a bond that makes their friendships so special to them, even though the group is half men, half women apart from sexual tension between Monica and Chandler, Ross and Rachael this appears to not affect their friendships whatsoever. These bonds of friendship could not be more different than in the play of Nevilles Island by Tim Firth as the four colleagues seem to have been forced to be together and this creates lots of tension between them particularly with Roy and Gordon with his rants about all Christians are like radio-hams. The four colleagues seem to be each putting up with each other constantly and we get a sense that if they had not worked in the same workplace, these four individuals would never had considered becoming friends with each other. The Two dramas of Friends and Nevilles Island have been written in the same decade and they include many moral issues and information about current affairs for example the mood of Friends was slightly changed for a while during the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World trade centres. The home life/lifestyle has affected the personalities of all the characters in either drama such as Phoebe is slightly mad and sometimes eccentric. This may have been caused by her circumstances as a child as her mother killed herself, her stepfather went to prison, and she lived on the streets for some of her life. In Nevilles Island we see Gordon who appears to bully most people he sees by picking up on every flaw in their character and using it as ammunition against them, Gordon appears to be in denial as in fact he is very lonely but refuses to admit this. There are many themes/issues that arise from the two dramas of Nevilles Island and Friends such as Status; in Friends the 6 characters stand almost as individuals and they respect each other because of it and apart from minute outbursts from such characters as Monica giving rants about Crummies, but this is simply a part of Monicas character and does not distinguish her as having more power over fellow friends. In contrast to this there is use of Status/Power in Nevilles Island, and this comes mainly from the character Gordon bullying people and bossing them about. Gordon is not however the chosen leader of the group, who is Neville but Gordon, underestimates his given authority on the island and simply does what he wants and says what he wants regardless of their feelings. Gordon always makes sarcastic and negative comments about his fellow colleagues; this makes him feel superior and powerful to the rest of the group. Friendship is a key theme in both pieces of drama as in Friends, the entire purpose of the sitcom is to display the friendship between the 6 characters however Nevilles Island meddles with the idea of leaving work-place politics behind in order the group of them to survive, whilst on the island though we realise that this group of colleagues dont actually like each other and seem to have been forced into this team-building weekend. There are many relationships in both pieces of drama, some sexual but some arise form tension and the clash of personalities like that in Nevilles Island between Roy and Gordon. Gordon is convinced that Roy is faking his religion for attention/acceptance and goes on many rants about this for example when he tells Roy that all Christians are like radio-hams. Gordon continues to cause tension between the group when there is a clash of personalities between Angus and himself as Angus is constantly trying to tell jokes, but none of them are funny as Angus often gets the joke mixed-up, this irritates Gordon even further, and he reached the height of his irritation when he discovers that Angus seems to have an entire camping shop worth of supplies in his backpack, along with climbing rope, an 18-inch macheteand even a 3-piece dinner suit! Gordon continues to irritate Angus by simply picking on him, but this ends when Gordon accuses Angus wife of being adulterous and that right now she is screaming in ecstasy on the bread shelf in Sainsburys. Relationships in Friends that are of a sexual sense come from Ross and Rachael as since the beginning of the series they have been attracted to each other and after 3 divorces Ross seems to have found his perfect match, this applies to Rachael; and in the final episode Ross and Rachael finally get together. Another relationship in the sitcom Friends comes from Monica and Chandler, they get married and later find out that they cannot have children so in the final series they have a surrogate mother and she agrees to give them her baby, but when the baby is being born in the final episode they find out that instead of one baby, they are having twins. The two remaining friends who do not get it together are Joey and Phoebe, there has never been an attraction between them and Phoebe marries a man called Mike and becomes Phoebe Buffay-Hannigan. Co-operation plays a big part in the play of Nevilles Island by Tim Firth, the entire purpose of the team-building is to bring the four characters together as a team, so that they can co-operate together in this or any environment, but this proves difficult as the four colleagues are completely incompatible and in the end simply get on each others nerves. The characters in Friends co-operate completely with each other, they help each other out in any circumstances and they work together perfectly. The social context of the sitcom Friends by David Crane takes us through an entire decade of events through the years of 1994 -2004. Friends is set in the city of New York and focuses on city life and the glamorous lifestyles of 6 friends in coffee culture which is centred around their meeting place a coffee house by the name of Central Perk. The social context of Friends takes us before, during and through the aftermath of the 11th September attacks on the World Trade Centre, which all Americans including the characters in friends come out of this very patriotic. The Sitcom of Friends focuses more on the social lives of the friends rather than their work places, this is mainly shown through Chandler as we get a sense that he is successful in his job, but this is shrouded in mystery as we never find out what he does or indeed what his workplace looks like. A convention of an American sitcom is that it shows Americans in an ideal lifestyle and there is no hint of poverty or depravation and they appear to be at the higher middle-class and American viewers hope to aspire to this. These conventions are used in the sitcom Friends. Friends is filmed in a studio and no-matter-what shot is used, we never get to see that elusive other wall in contrast to this in the play Nevilles Island the weather appears to mirror the emotions of the characters, this is pathetic fallacy, and instead of being filmed in a studio, Nevilles Island is filmed in a natural environment on location. Nevilles Island is set in the 1990s and in a rural setting as the entire play occurs outdoors. Nevilles Island is set in the time where John Major from the conservative party was Prime Minister, and the negative attitudes towards the situations used through Gordon mirror that of the time as John Major was trying to shake off and fight Margaret Thatchers Everyone for themselves view. Nevilles Island is a black comedy as it uses the juxtaposition of morbid and farcical elements to give a certain effect. The humour within Nevilles Island is created because of the contrasting characters and the way that they interact with each other. Each character has their own individual sense of humour; Gordon possesses a sarcastic, negative and almost child-like sense of humour. Angus jokes are more centred on farcical subjects that when told arent very funny at all, but they appear to have been funny in Angus head as he laughs at his own jokes a lot. Roy doesnt really have a sense of humour as he appears to be too wrapped up in his religion, but sometimes he can appear to be quite argumentative and almost psychotic. The sitcom Friends is also centred on comedy and the humour is directed at and centred on the characters. The characters all respond differently to different situations but comedy is usually created by the use of facial expressions, accents, off-the-wall comments and the immense use of timing and pauses. From both plays there are many ideas that I would like to experiment with and include in my improvisation unit of Stranded, such as * Being stranded * Comedy/Sarcasm * Characters, with similarities to that of Nevilles Island and friends * One of the characters has a secret. * Tension * The types of characters that have been created for example Joeys use of timing and comments, Monicas obsessiveness, Phoebes eccentrics, Roys almost psychotic state of mind and his belief in religion or Gordons sarcasm and use of negative comments. The themes used within these two dramas, for example I have decided to base my Stranded improvisation work to create a piece that is focused on a shipwreck, like that of Nevilles Island. The different social settings have interested me and I understand how they affect the piece, we have decided to set our drama on a ship that is in the middle of the Irish Sea and it is full of escaped convicts/murderers that steal the boat and hold its occupier hostage, who for coincidence the criminals know, They are all Irish.

Shadows On The Wall by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor Essay example -- Shadow

Shadows On The Wall by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor Dan Roberts: Dan is the main character in Shadows On The Wall . He is constantly seeing and feeling some very strange things on his vacation . Every morning he takes a jog very early around Micklegate Bar . He also makes a new friend on his journey to York , England . Dan is 15 years old . Joe Stanton: Joe is a cab driver . He and Dan become really good friends . Joe is an old but wise man in many ways . He also takes Dan to see all the sites in York and drives all the people around , but mostly the people staying at the Hotel . Ambrose Faw: He was the leader in the Faw family . He and Joe are also very good friends and they have known each other for almost the whole lives . Rose: Rose was married to Ambrose and had four kids . She is also a psychic like her mother . She is a very kind person . Nat: Nat was Ambrose’s son . He wants to leave the gypsy clan and have adventures when he grows up . He and Dan become good friends and Nat shows Dan around their camp . Nat also keeps bothering Dan because he wants to trade for Dan’s belt , but Dan said no because it is the only belt he brought with him . In the end they end up trading anyway . Jasper: He is Ambrose’s oldest son . He is also a mute , but he could talk when he was younger . One day he came running out of the woods scared and never talked again . Dan sometimes hears him singing in the woods . When he told Joe he said it was more like a chant . Dan has also seen Jasper turn into a type of monster with lime-green hair . Jasper is always staring at Dan . Orlenda: Orlenda is Nat’s older sister , she is often looking at Dan . Her grandmother thinks that she is going to run away with a gorgio . The grandmother considers Dan a gorgio . She barely talks to him but they are always near each other . Granny: the granny is Rose’s mother and she can tell the future . She believes that everyone of the gypsies have a special power . She also knew exactly when she was going to die and she was right . Rachel: Rachel is the youngest of Rose’s children and doesn’t do much in the book but help around with the little things . Mr. Roberts: He is Dan’s dad . All through the book he is acting very strangely on the entire trip Mrs. Roberts: She is Dan’s mom , she is also acting very strangely and her and her husband are kee... ... into the soldiers face he turned Joe .They were both dripping with sweat and they sat there and talked until sunrise . In the moring the other gypsy clan came and they finished the funeral and burned the granny’s things . After Dan and Joe ate they left because Joe knew that they wanted to be alone . On the way home Dan told Joe about how he saw Ambrose in the tower and that he was getting soil . Then Joe told Dan that the old woman wasn’t born in the gardens(Museum Gardens).Before Dan had left the camp he traded his belt with Nat for an old Romany coin . That was the last day Dan was in York . When he got back to the hotel he took a shower then went to sleep . When his Parents got back They all packed and left . That night Ambrose went to the hotel and asked for Dan but Mrs. Harrison told him that they left . After Ambrose left the hotel he went to the stream and threw Dan’s belt in the deepest part of the water . That is how the book ends . VII. This was a really good book . There were some boring parts , but most of it was good . There were some really good parts in this book , and there were alot of adventurous parts . I think the ending is very confusing .

Discobolus by Myron (Ancient Greek Art)

In any history, and above all in the history of art, there are two main aspects, from which the subject may be considered. The subject may be either studied from the point of view of general tendencies, the development of types and ideas, their national character, and the circumstances that surrounded and fostered their growth; or attention may be given to the achievements of individuals, their personality, and the contributions that they respectively made to the general progress.It is true that in any comprehensive study the two must be blended, must supplement and confirm each other. Whichever principle is followed to guide the selection and arrangement of the facts, the study cannot follow it to the entire exclusion of the other. Yet the artist is no less dependent upon external circumstances for the occasion and the material of his works.Had not the predecessors worked through generations of experiment and observation to improve the familiar types, to attain mastery over the stub born substance of marble and bronze, and to acquire and perfect a skilled technique in the treatment of the nude and of drapery, no sculptor of the fifth century could have conceived or executed the bold yet symmetrical contortions of the Discobolus. Had Myron been born a century earlier, he could no more have produced these works than if he had lived at the present day.Before the study approaches the work of this individual master, it may be advisable to take a more general survey of the character of Greek sculpture, as contrasted with earlier and later styles. No art, and especially that of sculpture, can make true progress unless it is constantly kept in touch with nature by observation. Here again the social surroundings of the Greek artist gave him an immense advantage over all others. The daily exercises in the palaestra or gymnasium and the frequently recurring athletic festivals gave him constant opportunities for observing the human form both in rest and in action.This perf ection of condition and of all-round muscular development with the help of a well-trained memory is one of the chief attainments of Myron. For the observation of drapery, too, he had constant opportunities in the figures that surrounded him in daily life. There he could see a variety and grace of texture and of folds such as no draping of a model in unfamiliar garments and materials could ever have suggested. It is true that the same opportunities for varied observation did not exist in the case of the nude female figure.It is perhaps for this very reason that Greek statues of this type, however beautiful in form, rarely if ever impress us with the same breadth and nobility of conception as the corresponding male figures, whether of gods or men. The feeling of the Greeks themselves about the matter is well illustrated by the story of Zeuxis at Croton , how the people of that town, when they commissioned him to paint a picture of Helen, and wished to give him every opportunity for ex celling himself in such a subject, allowed him to see a selection of the most beautiful of their maidens just as freely as he could see their brothers exercising in the palaestra.This is evidently the meaning of the story, though it is misinterpreted by some later authorities in accordance with the eclectic spirit of their own age. Myron was a Greek sculptor. He is supposed to have been a pupil of Ageladas of Argos, but he worked largely in Athens. Sculpting in bronze, he was noted for his animals (of which no examples have survived) and for his athletes in action. His works are known through descriptions by ancient writers, such as Pliny and Pausanias, and two of them by copies, the Discobolus (Gr. discus thrower), the best copy of which is the Lancelotti Discobolus in Rome (Terme Museum), and Athena and Marsyas, of which there are also Roman copies . We know but little about Myron’s life. He was a native of Eleutherae, a town on the frontier of Attica and Boeotia. To judge from the list of his works and the places where they were set up, he must have enjoyed a reputation throughout Hellenic lands. The statues of athletic victors from his hand could be seen at Olympia and at Delphi. However, several of his most famous works were in Athens, and it is probable that his artistic career was mainly associated with that city.He is recorded, however, to have been a pupil of the Argive sculptor Ageladas, who was for a long time the acknowledged leader of the Peloponnesian School of athletic sculpture; and it is said that his fellow-pupils were Phidias and Polyclitus. The dates of Myron’s artistic career can be fixed with certainty by the Olympiads of the victors whose statues he made; Lycinus won in 448 B. C. , and Timanthes in 456; Ladas probably in 476; but so famous an athlete may have had a statue set up in his honor some years after the event.The traditional date given by Pliny, which makes Myron a contemporary of Polyclitus, is evidently wrong. Hi s son Lycius was employed on an important public commission, the statues set up by the knights of Athens at the entrance to the Acropolis, about 446 B. C. We must, therefore, assign the artistic activity of Myron himself to the first half of the fifth century. His early manhood must have coincided with the period of the Persian wars. Of the great men of this period, our knowledge, after all, is most unsatisfactory.Only one of the transitional sculptors who are mentioned by ancient writers, Myron, has a definite personality. He was clearly an artist of decidedly individual tendencies, who can hardly be called typical of any school. Though all of Myron’s works have perished, we have copies of at least two of them, from which we can gain a fairly clear idea of this ancient master. This is the first time that we have had to deal with copies, and it may be worthwhile, therefore, to digress for a moment and consider the nature of the copies on which much of our knowledge of ancient sculpture depends.In the later days of antiquity, especially after the Roman conquest of Greece, there was evidently an enormous demand for reproductions of the famous works of Greek sculpture, and numerous artists devoted themselves to supplying this demand. Some seem to reproduce their originals with considerable exactness; others are obviously far inferior to them. Often one copy was made from another, and sometimes the copyists did not hesitate to alter the originals in details, so that many of their productions are reflections rather than copies, in any exact sense.One very common alteration was the addition of a support in the form of a tree-stump or some other object. This was almost always employed when the copyist, as frequently happened, was working out a marble copy of a bronze original. Moreover, mutilated ancient statues, when they were dug out of the ground, were commonly handed over to a marble-worker for â€Å"restoration†, that is, for the addition of legs o r heads or noses, whatever, in fact, was necessary to make the statue complete.Thus, we have constantly to keep in mind that in dealing with copies, the problem often is to determine, from several widely divergent and differently restored copies, the general appearance and the details of an ancient statue. This method of procedure is excellently illustrated by the most famous of Myron’s works, the Discobolus, or Discus-thrower. The copies of this, which have been found, vary greatly in details. All are marred by the supporting tree-stump, though this was differently treated by different copyists.Only one has a head, which has never been broken off and which shows the original position, as it is described by Lucian. One fragmentary copy was completely misunderstood by the sculptor to whom it was handed over and restored as a fleeing Niobid! The Discobolus is justly famous for its splendid suggestion of vigorous manhood, its bold pose, and its perfect balance. If it were not fo r the formal locks of hair, the rather expressionless face, and some ancient evidence, which fixes the career of Myron in the first half of the fifth century, the statue might well be regarded as a work of the great age of Greek sculpture.As it is, we must probably assign the original to the years just before 450, and regard the unusual freedom with which it is conceived as proof of the originality of Myron rather than as evidence of a general adoption of such active poses by the men of the transitional time. Such an inference is borne out by some other works of the master, such as his group of Athena and Marsyas, and especially his Ladas, a statue of a runner poised on tiptoe just as he reached the goal, a work of which only literary accounts are preserved.Moreover, down to the time of Alexander the Great such violent action as is suggested by these works was rarely represented by the Greek sculptors. These particular innovations, therefore, were little imitated by Myron’s i mmediate successors, but there can be little doubt that much of the progress made during the transitional period was due to his initiative. In compensation for this cooling of ancient enthusiasm, we may perhaps extenuate the one weakness noted by the ancients. He was accounted a master of anatomy and action, but weak in the rendering of the face.Conceding that the faces are not very expressive, it may be doubted whether this is altogether a weakness. It is questionable whether the athletes whom he represents were very expressive of countenance, and it is altogether certain that their faces were not the subject of chief attention. In still further subordinating facial expression, Myron is but following the great law of concentration, which is recognized in all great art. Probably he could not in any case have been a master of psychic analysis, but it is more than doubtful if his themes would have gained by such mastery.Other masters of the same theme long betray the same tendency. My ron was the earliest of the great masters of Greek sculpture. That is to say, he was the earliest sculptor whose works appeared, even to critics who were familiar with the whole range of later art, to be admirable alike for the boldness and originality of their design and the skill of their execution, and who was spoken of in the same breath with Polyclitus and Lysippus, with Phidias and Praxiteles. Quintilian himself declares that to find fault with the Discobolus argues a lack of appreciation of art.The Dorian sculptor Myron specialized in athletes. A marble copy found in Rome demonstrates the way a sculptor may at the same time hold to conventions and reach out toward new forms. The Discus Thrower is really designed to be seen only from the front. Anyone who moves around to the side of this piece can see that it is all on a flat plane. The general line of the figure, which starts with the left foot and runs up through the arms, ending in the discus, suggests somewhat the tension of an opened spring, which will snap shut and propel the wheel into space.The muscles appear about as natural as those in the contemporary Olympian pediment sculpture, and yet this is a single figure. Up to that time, single figures had always some religious significance and therefore remained columnar or geometric. This one is frankly realistic and may have been made pretty much for its own sake. It was no new departure in art for Myron to represent an athlete practicing the exercise in which he excelled. His great attainment, as exemplified by the Discobolus, was the choice of a subject and a moment that was suitable to representation in sculpture.He appears to have been the first to realize the principle, never afterwards violated in Greek sculpture of the best period, that a statue or a sculptural group must be complete in itself, must possess a certain unity and concentration, so as to attract and contain the interest of the spectator within the work itself, and not to direct i t to other extraneous objects, nor even to allow it to wander away. In the Discobolus, the self-contained completeness in the action finds its expression and counterpart in the lines of the composition itself.It may be, as Quintilian says, labored and contorted, but the result is not, as might have been expected, restless in effect or tiring to the eye, because every part is in harmony with the whole, and the eye is carried on by an easy and pleasing succession of outlines round the whole contour of the figure . Beside this excellence of artistic composition, the clever choice of the right moment for representation and of an athletic exercise in which such a moment occurs must also be allowed their merit.The disc or quoit was not aimed at any mark, but merely hurled as far as possible in a given direction, as in the modern competitions of putting the weight or throwing the hammer. Therefore, there was no need for the eye of the competitor to be turned towards a distant goal, but the head could follow the motion of the arm that swung the quoit, the position of the feet sufficing to define the direction of the throw.A false restoration, which makes the thrower turn his head toward this direction, not only produces a painful and even impossible attitude, but also destroys the harmony of the composition, by breaking in upon the system of concentric curves in which every member of the body follows the swing of the extended arm. Athleticism, however, gave one important thing to the Greeks. It was from the models in the palaestra and the stadium that the sculptors of Greece drew their inspiration.It was of course an immense benefit to that art to be able to see the stripped body at exercise in the sunlight, and that, coupled with the natural Greek sense of form, is the secret of the unchallenged supremacy of Greek sculpture. Perfect anatomy of the body was achieved even before the face could be properly rendered. The nude male figure was the favorite theme of fifth-c entury art, and extraordinary perfection was reached by Myron. Myron’s Discobolus is, of course, one of the best known of ancient statues. There are few statues of the fifth century, which thus select an instant out of a series of movements.In the Discobolus, the clear lines of demarcation are not inconsistent with a correct and skilful modeling of the surface. The effect is perhaps somewhat dry, and suggests the appearance of a man in hard training, and even the tension of muscles that would not be exerted at the moment of action is portrayed. However, what convention is left is so thoroughly harmonized with the results of fresh observation as to give the impression of a living body, and to justify the criticism applied to Myron by ancient critics, that he â€Å"almost captured the souls of men and animals in his bronzes† .